Download Chapter Wise NCERT Class 12 Biology Solutions- In PDF Format

Chapter 1 – Reproduction in Organisms

Through the Class 12 Biology solutions, learn about the significance of reproduction and modes of reproduction. Find out what vegetative propagation is and why the offspring of oviparous animals are at a greater risk compared to viviparous animals. Revise the meaning of terms such as embryogenesis, zygote, zoospore, gametogenesis, meiosis, juvenile phase, etc.

Chapter 2 – Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

With the help of the Class 12 Biology chapter solutions, learn about concepts such as megasporogenesis, microsporogenesis, self-pollination in flowers, etc. Revise topics such as bagging technique, triple fusion, perisperm, epicotyl, integument, testa, hypocotyl, emasculation, apomixis, and more. Also, learn to draw and label diagrams such as parts of a typical angiosperm ovule or the appearance of a female gametophyte at maturity.

Chapter 3 – Human Reproduction

In this chapter, understand the working of the human reproductive system. Use our NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chapter 3 to learn how to describe the structure of a seminiferous tubule. Do a revision of concepts such as ovary, testis, spermiogenesis, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and more. Practice diagrams such as Graafian follicle, female reproductive system, sperm, etc.

Chapter 4 – Reproductive Health

This chapter will help you explain the importance of reproductive health in society. With the help of solutions by experts, understand how to answer questions such as why the use of contraceptives is justified and how infertile couples can try to have children. Get answers for NCERT textbook True/False questions with explanation by experienced Biology teachers.

Unit VII – Genetics and Evolution

Chapter 5 – Principles of Inheritance and Variation

This chapter covers topics such as Mendelian Inheritance, chromosome theory of inheritance, the inheritance of blood groups, Punnett square, genetics, etc. Through the NCERT Biology solutions, our experts will give you the accurate points to distinguish a Dominance allele from a Recessive allele. Also, revise terms such as homozygous, heterozygous, monohybrid, dihybrid, test cross, pedigree analysis, and more.

Chapter 6 – Molecular Basis of Inheritance

In this chapter, study in detail genetic materials such as DNA. Understand how to Hershey and Chase proved that DNA is the genetic material. Do a complete revision of concepts such as Satellite DNA, mRNA, Repetitive DNA, tRNA, Coding strand, template strand, exons, etc. Also, get expert solutions for questions about transcription, bioinformatics, DNA fingerprinting, and other topics.

Chapter 7 – Evolution

This chapter engrosses you in the amazing story of biological evolution and the contribution of famous biologists such as Darwin. Study the various components of human evolution. Understand the concept of adaptive radiation and why human evolution is considered adaptive radiation. Find out about the evolutionary stages of animals and learn to link modern-day animals with a corresponding ancient fossil.

Unit VIII – Biology and Human Welfare

Chapter 8 – Human Health and Disease

With the help of NCERT Chapter 8 Biology solutions for Class 12, study human diseases and the basic concepts of immunology. Find out about public health measures that are taken to prevent infectious diseases. Revise the theory about the transmission of diseases such as Malaria, Amoebiasis, Pneumonia, Ascariasis, HIV, etc. Study concepts such as metastasis, cancerous cell, active immunity, and more.

Chapter 9 – Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

In this chapter, you will find solutions related to concepts such as animal husbandry, biofortification, plant breeding, tissue culture, and more. Find answers on how the quality and quantity of milk productions can be improved on a dairy farm. Revise the various methods involved in animal breeding. Our Biology experts will also help you to understand the role played by the fishery in the improvement of food production.

Chapter 10 – Microbes in Human Welfare

This textbook solution for this chapter will assist you in learning the importance of microbes for food processing, sewage treatment, energy generation, and the production of antibiotics. Understand how microbes help in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria. Find out how microbes can be used as biofertilizers to ensure decreased use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers.

Unit IX – Biotechnology and Its Applications

Chapter 11 – Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

In this Class 12 Biology chapter, you’ll be introduced to the concepts around genetic engineering like bioreactors, Chitinase, PCR, downstream processing, Plasmid DNA, Exonuclease, Chromosomal DNA, the origin of application, etc. Get answers about recombinant proteins used in medical practice and their applications. Also, practice the method used by experts to create a palindromic DNA sequence using base-pair rules.

Chapter 12 – Biotechnology and its Applications

Use Chapter 12 Biology solutions to understand the applications of biotechnology in agriculture and health-related areas. Revise topics such as Cry proteins, gene therapy, cloning, golden rice, etc. Find out whether our blood has nucleases and proteases. Also, understand how rDNA technology can be used to remove oil from seeds. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of producing genetically modified crops.

Unit X – Ecology and Environment

Chapter 13 – Organisms and Populations

The chapter solutions can help you with solutions to understand organisms and their environment. Learn to define terms such as phenotypic adaptation, camouflage, population, mutualism, parasitism, hibernation, endotherms, etc. Use the support of Biology expert teachers to write short notes on topics like behavioral adaptations in animals, adaptations of plants to water scarcity, and more.

Chapter 14 – Ecosystem

Study biological ecosystems through concepts such as decomposition, food web, grazing food chain, detritus, secondary productivity, etc. Understand the components of an ecosystem. Revise the topic of ecological pyramids. Also, learn the features of a carbon cycle and sedimentary cycle. Utilize Chapter 14 solutions to revise the concept of a food chain.

Chapter 15 – Biodiversity and Conservation

Through Chapter 15 NCERT Biology Class 12 solutions, study the concept of biodiversity and what leads to the loss of biodiversity. Revise the significance of the slope of regression in a species-area relationship. Find out about sacred groves and the role of conservation. Also, understand the concept of biotic components of an ecosystem.

Chapter 16 – Environmental Issues

This chapter is designed to make you aware of various environmental issues such as air pollution, water pollution, ozone layer depletion, etc. The chapter solutions can be used to understand the causes and preventive measures for tackling environmental issues. Understand what is global warming, what its causes are, and how you can prevent global warming. Study the terms such as eutrophication, radioactive wastes, e-waste, municipal solid wastes, and more.

• What is the structure responsible for asexual reproduction in sponges?

Gemmules are the structure responsible for asexual reproduction in sponges.

• Explain the law of independent assortment.

The law of independent assortment states that the alleles of two or more different genes get sorted into gametes independent of one another.

• What is apomixis?

Apoximis is a form of asexual reproduction that occurs without fertilization and does not involve meiosis. This form of reproduction is more common in plants.

• What is scutellum? (with respect to plants)

The scutellum is a modified, shield-shaped cotyledon of a monocot (like the seeds of grass).

• Name the test used for the detection of AIDS.

ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is the preliminary test. Western Blotting is a confirmatory test used to detect AIDS.

• What is metastasis?

Metastasis is the phenomenon where tumor cells spread to different parts of the body through the circulatory system.

• What is contact inhibition?

Contact inhibition is a process by which normal cells inhibit their growth process in contact with neighboring cells.

• What is immunity? Mention the types of immunity.

Immunity can be defined as the ability of the host to fight against a disease-causing microbe or an agent. Immunity can be of two types – Innate immunity and acquired immunity.

• What is phylogenetics?

Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms. Protein or gene evolution plays a major important role here.

• What is the motile infective form of the Plasmodium parasite called?

Sporozoite.